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Neurology/Neuroscience News (Page 43)
We Can Challenge Our Brains Or Our Bodies, But Not Both, Says Study
Have you ever sat down to work on a crossword puzzle only to find that afterwards you haven't the energy to exercise? Or have you come home from a rough day at the office with no energy to go for a run? A new study, published in Psychology and Health, reveals that if you use your willpower to do one task, it depletes you of the willpower to do an entirely different task. ...more		 25 Sept 2009
Prestigious Award Recognizes A Promising Approach To The Study Of Memory
Leon Reijmers, PhD, assistant professor of neuroscience at Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston, is one of 55 recipients of the National Institutes of Health Director's New Innovator Award. Reijmers is investigating the way memories are stored in the brain, specifically focusing on the proteins involved in long-term memory storage. Groups of neurons that participate in long-term memory storage are called memory traces. ...more		 25 Sept 2009
Use It Or Lose It? Study Suggests The Brain Can Remember A "Forgotten" Language
Many of us learn a foreign language when we are young, but in some cases, exposure to that language is brief and we never get to hear or practice it subsequently. Our subjective impression is often that the neglected language completely fades away from our memory. ...more		 25 Sept 2009
$2.5 Million NIH Grant To Study Cells' Reaction To Physical Force
The National Institutes of Health has announced an award of $2.5 million to a team led by Boston University biomedical engineer Bela Suki that will study the role of physical forces on cell function, with the goal of understanding the possible roles of these forces in diseases like atherosclerosis, neuro-degenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, aging and cancer. ...more		 25 Sept 2009
Benefits Of Using A Drain After Surgery To Release Subdural Haematoma
An article in this week's Surgery Special Issue of The Lancet reports that the use of a drain following surgery to drain a chronic subdural haematoma significantly reduces both mortality and haematoma recurrence. The article is the work of Dr Peter Hutchinson, Thomas Santarius and colleagues from the Academic Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. ...more		 25 Sept 2009
Bevacizumab (Avastin) Could Play An Important Role In Improving The Neurocognitive Function Of Patients With The Most Aggressive Form Of Brain Cancer
Roche today announced that an analysis of the phase II BRAIN study of bevacizumab (Avastin®) alone or in combination with irinotecan chemotherapy for the treatment of relapsed or progressive glioblastoma (GBM) demonstrated that in addition to increasing the chance of patients being alive without worsening of their disease at six months (progression free survival; PFS-6)[i], bevacizumab-based therapy may also lead to additional positive impact on neurocognitive function. ...more		 24 Sept 2009
Schizophrenia Gene Linked With Abnormal Neurogenesis In Adult And Postnatal Brain
Scientists now have a better understanding of a perplexing gene that is associated with susceptibility for a wide spectrum of severely debilitating mental illnesses. ...more		 24 Sept 2009
Concept Acquisition In The Human Brain
A new study explores how our brains synthesize concepts that allow us to organize and comprehend the world. The research, published by Cell Press in the September 24th issue of the journal Neuron, uses behavioral and neuroimaging techniques to track how conceptual knowledge emerges in the human brain and guides decision making. The ability to use prior knowledge when dealing with new situations is a defining characteristic of human intelligence. ...more		 24 Sept 2009
Attention Makes Sensory Signals Stand Out Amidst The Background Noise In The Brain
The brain never sits idle. Whether we are awake or asleep, watch TV or close our eyes, waves of spontaneous nerve signals wash through our brains. Researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies studying visual attention have discovered a novel mechanism that explains how incoming sensory signals make themselves heard amidst the constant background rumblings so they can be reliably processed and passed on. ...more		 24 Sept 2009
New Brain Pathway For Regulating Weight And Bone Mass Identified By Researchers
Contrary to the prevailing view, the hormone leptin, which is critical for normal food intake and metabolism, appears to regulate bone mass and suppress appetite by acting mainly through serotonin pathways in the brain, according to a recent study published in Cell by Yale School of Medicine researchers and colleagues at Columbia University. This new finding contradicts the view that leptin acts primarily in the hypothalamus. ...more		 24 Sept 2009
MIT Retinal Implant Could Help Restore Some Vision
Results: MIT engineers have designed a retinal implant for people who have lost their vision from retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration, two of the leading causes of blindness. The retinal prosthesis would help restore some vision by electrically stimulating the nerve cells that normally carry visual input from the retina to the brain. ...more		 24 Sept 2009
Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. Receives Phase II Trial Approval In Israel
Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. (OTC Bulletin Board: OXBO) announced that the company has received approval from Israel's Ministry of Health to begin a Phase II-b, dose escalation, clinical trial in that country for use of Oxycyte(R) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Oxycyte is the Company's perfluorocarbon (PFC) therapeutic oxygen carrier. ...more		 24 Sept 2009
Cognitive Problems After Surgery May Be Unrelated To Heart-Lung Bypass
Memory loss and other cognitive problems after heart surgery may not be related to the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), or to 'flotsam' in the bloodstream caused by the CPB pump, according to a study in the October issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia, official journal of the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS). ...more		 24 Sept 2009
Study Explores Possibilities Of Reducing Mortality During Spinal Infusion Of Opioids
After evaluating a cluster of deaths most likely related to intrathecal (spinal) opioid infusions in non-cancer pain patients, a group of researchers is confident that such future complications are preventable. In 2006, Medtronic, Inc. and a team of noted experts investigated what might have caused the deaths of three patients early on in their treatment of pain using intrathecal infusion pumps containing opioids. ...more		 24 Sept 2009
Pioneering And Innovative Research Into The Neurochemical Basis Of Substance Addiction
The European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) is pleased to announce Jean-Pol Tassin as the recipient of the 2009 ECNP Neuropsychopharmacology Award in Basic Science Research in recognition of his pioneering and innovative research into the neurochemical basis of substance addiction. The ECNP Neuropsychopharmacology Award recognises outstanding research in the field of neuropsychopharmacology and its closely related disciplines. ...more		 24 Sept 2009
Changes In Brain Mechanisms For Cocaine Addicts Revealed By Computer Model
About 2 million Americans currently use cocaine for its temporary side-effects of euphoria, which have contributed to making it one of the most dangerous and addictive drugs in the country. Cocaine addiction, which can cause severe biological and behavioral problems, is very difficult to overcome. ...more		 24 Sept 2009
Molecule Responsible For Axonal Branching Discovered By MDC Researchers
The human brain consists of about 100 billion (1011) neurons, which altogether form about 100 trillion (1014) synaptic connections with each other. A crucial mechanism for the generation of this complex wiring pattern is the formation of neuronal branches. The neurobiologists Dr. Hannes Schmidt and Professor Fritz G. Rathjen at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch, Germany, have now discovered a molecule that regulates this vital process. ...more		 23 Sept 2009
For Brain Metastases, Whole-Brain Radiotherapy After Surgery Or Radiosurgery Not Recommended
Whole-brain radiotherapy should not be given routinely to all patients whose cancer has spread to the brain, say researchers who found that using it after surgery or radiosurgery in patients with a limited number of brain metastases and stable cancer in the rest of the body did not extend lives or help patients remain functionally independent for longer. ...more		 23 Sept 2009
Fostering Creativity In Problem Solving
Profound discoveries and insights on the frontiers of science do not burst out of thin air but often arise from incremental processes of weaving together analogies, images, and simulations in a constrained fashion. In cutting-edge science, problems are often ill-defined and experimental data are limited. To develop an understanding of the system under investigation, scientists build real-world models and make predictions with them. ...more		 23 Sept 2009
Brain Blood Flow Affected By Balance Organs
The organs of the inner ear have a direct effect on brain blood flow, independent of blood pressure and CO2 levels in the blood. Researchers writing in the open access journal BMC Neuroscience used a series of human centrifuge experiments to investigate the effects of stimulation of the otoliths and semi-circular canals on cerebrovascular response. Dr. ...more		 23 Sept 2009
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